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a consideration of running cables

15 #

An effective, to my knowledge the most effective of all, the procedure of running the cable industry, has long been known among fans extremes, but jealously guarded, involves the application to a stream of high voltage cables with the current generation.
is preferable to have already completed and before you begin, give them a shape similar to a curve that will take time to pose.
To meet this need every trick is valid, one of the most practical ultilizzo provides a small copper tube plumbing, ductile and malleable, which prior to the second form the desired path, then there is the cable clamp, which will be then fence to his guardian.
Once the process is running, should be handled carefully, trying not to lose shape, this is because any excessive movement of the wires, reduces the effectiveness of treatment.
The direction of current flow, peremptorily down the back of the cable.

Such a procedure is the prerogative of technicians able to work safely with high voltages and with the expertise to determine which voltage can be applied, depending on the break in the cable and connectors used

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do without the step-up for MC can still

14 #

As I said above, I consider the use of the inevitable step-up heads with 1 ohm, and thus sense fully embrace the approach of the Audio Research Reference Phono.

A brief aside:

Now it seems to me, "cracked" the intent that motivated the designers in the conception of the Reference Phono:
- The input impedance transformer is to head as close as possible to 1 ohm (not more than the 5 ohm).
- For all the other ... you get another entry, adjusting the value of load resistance.
The confusion arose because Audio Research says the transformer input impedance to 280 ohms, who wrote a similar thing I suppose he had drained the liquid blue of the toilet bowl, the fact is that they sent Bring a bit 'all. What, in my opinion, fared better Montanucci, while the technical Stereophile, John Atkinson, trying to juggle, he suggested unspecified compatibility issues with the Audio Precision measurement set, remedying the figure of stunned. It is easy to verify that data sheets of all processors are based on surveys Jensen Audio Precision.

End of engraved.

reiterate my concern when dealing with heads having 2.5 to 5 ohm impedance, the situation is similarly difficult cases to 1 ohm, and I understand that in many circumstances the use of step-up is preferable. But assuming a phono with gain generous, with large transconductance and clean circuit (maximum of two triode, used in purity), in this case I think that without the step-up musical performance would improve.

not forget that the step-up transformer is driven by a generator (the head) that provides voltage and current so poor as to make the matter very sensitive in all respects. So
heads with more than 20 ohm impedance, in my opinion would be only right to do without the step-up.
Although I understand that for many designers is a problem, resulting in the need for higher gain without sacrificing quality music and at the same time having to fight with greater breath (No longer reduced by the step-up transformer).

To support these considerations, I refer to the Audio Research Reference Phono above and I'm going to note that, as a pure circuit, there are doubts, even without the scheme.
I am sure that the majority like to see a device full of valves as the Eniac, but one wonders why a 22 triode phono needed only for the audio section, there are a bit 'so many?

As an MC phono two triodes per channel is more than enough for a pre-scheduled a triode is also too much for a 30W final two triodes are sufficient (as shown in a previous post) and, in case you need higher power to 150W, just add an extra triode.
Overall, the MC cartridge to the speakers, 6 triodes per channel is sufficient.
As ever with the same number of triodes in the Audio Research Reference Phono we get only half of the audio portion of a channel? (Series: I put my head on the hard review between now and 5 minutes when the music starts coming out) scheme

Without much you can not say, but, looking at a chart produced by Stereophile, we can extrapolate important considerations.



The graph shows the distortion as a function of output voltage and the typical behavior of the "magic donkey."
Normally, a donkey loaded with weights, the poor animal will work harder with increasing load.
With the "magic ass" the opposite happens, the greater the weight and do less work ... just like in the graph with the distortion of the Reference Phono, the higher the output voltage distortion and the more it changes.
This spell has a name: negative feedback * *, and given the trend of the graph, quite possibly including multi-stage closes (pain).
's why you need all those triodes! In conclusion I would agree

streamline phono circuits with short routes and natural purity and increasing performance with triodes they are low noise, fast ... and by the generous gain in these cases, it becomes possible to dispense with the step-up. It would be a definite advantage in terms of clarity and agility.

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on NC 20

13 #

The NC20 weighs 2 pounds and is bigger dell'NC14 loooong, and handles much better than the current, although it has a lot more permeable core. For a long
not use the NC20 el'NC21 (the last time I used the NC21 was linked to the contrary, driven by a RL12T15 in graphite, the working point 600V - 30 mA, pushing a PSE 211 in A2 disarming ease and distortions irrelevant, I can not remember the exact value, but close to zero), but I tried them several times in different ways and I am quite certain that the distortion introduced is perfectly consistent with the data-sheet.
The data-sheet says: NC20, driven by a valve with Ri 5Kohm swings and 20 mA BIAS 150 Vrms (few?), Distortion = 0.1%.
I remember a test with the EC8020 to 20 mA, Swing exaggeration of volts peak to peak values \u200b\u200bof distortion very contained, if I remember well below zero (and with a straight 5K at 20 mA, are certainly due to the valve) .
During this time I'm too busy, but next time I ricapitano under the NC20, definitely pay attention to distortion parameter, but right now I'd bet that there will be nothing to report.

If I had any doubt about this transformation, as they do not do cert'uni incarogniscono you want to convince the neighbor at all costs. I sent through eBay auction valves and various objects at all latitudes: Australia, Canada, Singapore, Korea, USA, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, Panama, I would have no heartache at auction to put the NC20.

were used by the great Shishido in a project that appeared in Glass Audio Vol 1 No. 6 of 1994, the same design was then "revisited" at No. 3 Vol 9, 1997, reporting to the scheme:






propose this project as well suited to the topics under discussion.
Shishido, after trying different valves and tested various configurations, including even a 4-stage cathode follower to drive the 300B, at the end to decide the interstage transformer as the best solution. If the transformer
NC20 had introduced high distortions, would not have had this preference.
In the first version of the processor 94 NC20 is used with DC current rather low, 13.4 mA, if it were a problem it slide more, but the doubts are quelled in 1997, when Shishido revisits the unit and doubles to 26 mA current in the transformer.
He varies this parameter in the complex act to reduce the harmonic distortion cancellation, then the distortion parameter is the more kept an eye on.
If the DC current in the transformer NC20 was critical so dramatically, doubling, even going beyond the recommended value of 20 mA, the distortion would increase dramatically, leading to desist Shishido.
But, as shown in the next image, it is not.





These objects survive in the market for a lifetime, regardless of the cost nor allows considerable popularity, no one may ever have had to repeat, may, having only one dissenting voice, that is precisely the one which recover to get the picture? Can there be room to consider, even just for a fleeting instant, that having an entire community for decades uniquely oriented, then perhaps there might be a subjective situation?

If I had plenty of NC20-distorting every time you get up to 1 mA DC current, then I would do some checking before giving it away .... For example
measure Henry and in the event that a significantly greater extent than the nominal value, they become unhealthy possible hypotheses about the GAP

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12 #

Some time ago, to test it basically a triode particular, these turned out to be extremely poisonous to the point of allowing the design of a MC phono based on this single active element, resulting in a gain of more than 1,200 (out, however, high impedance, so it must find a volume of 100 K, manages the trick with constant impedance offered by the RIAA LCR, which in turn sees input impedance well below the 10K).





To realize this scheme had everything except the RIAA LCR at 10 K.
I began to get interested and able to provide inductors compose, but I found no one claiming to be able to realize what I needed, in the quality and specifications. In addition I was also discouraged by extremely competent people, who told me that he humiliated with the problem and had noted a considerable difficulty in developing such an object.
happened that fate put us into the clutches, because shortly thereafter, in the underground of sound esoteric, began to circulate the rumor that S & B, urged by Thorsten, was putting up the implementation of this component.

At that time the name S & B was not consolidated as it is today, and typically do not take into account components popped out of nowhere, without a way to test its quality.
But shortly before I tested the volume on S & B transformer, a "small" of the TX-102, designed to compete directly in size and price, with the equivalent model Sowter.
compared directly with the Sowter 9335 is better in all this, in materials, electrical measurements and, listening to the overall neutrality and excellent speed.




This had created in me some great expectations for the RIAA in the making.
After a short time, the story took a turn more favorable, a friend of mine booked a couple of RIAA in question, I thought, "if I can make me pay, I make him ACT!

Continued ...

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pre-"provocation" on



# 11 is the outline I have described above, is in many ways I find it interesting.
For example
never seen (or at least not to my knowledge) a two-stage dry really able to adjust to the bottom 845. Then it's all very high potential el ' high voltage has a magical sound very special (and maybe one day they will say why).



The connection of an amplifier in a thrade talking about anything, not just for the fact that it was spoken before, but it is that I was born the idea for a kind of provocation I'm going to propose ...

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can do without the step up to MC

10 #
reference to the use of step-up transformer, we could call "duty" heads with only 1 ohm, with those from 2.5 to 3 ohms of the concerns I, with the heads from 20 to 40 ohms would be a duty to do without it ... with those of 240 ohms there own.

With the same pattern, I'd change strategy:



For some time not fiddled with the NC20, but the memory that I hold is the subject of the Empire, with a 20 mA EC8020 swings with ease and distortion below zero (due to the valve) and this also confirmed Jakelich me.
I remember a meeting held one evening long ago, in the laboratory of Brunetti (musical instruments), agreed: the owner of Audio Note Interstage (the model soon, designed to drive a PSE 845), Mr. Mariani (Graaf) and myself with the NC20. We got to the test with DC injection, because, with unanimous consent, it seemed just the way the NC20 tore the Audio Note UK already in the test instead. What happened 5Kohm connecting a resistor on the secondary (and in parallel with the measuring instruments), gradually nurturing the primary with a Variac. At one point, the sine wave is distorted Audio Note with a pronounced hump on the top, Tango NC20 instead held on for a blow when he began to tot and distort the appearance of sinusoid was less ugly.

The NC20 is in the top 5 best interstage of all time, and among these, it is in the second half.

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still on

9 #

reiterate that my comments were related to the RIAA LCR of 600 ohms, and regarding this, I stressed the importance of pilots with plenty of signal. For a mortgage would not differeza, but for the musical performance, the difference is definitely there!

Similarly, considerations of the transformer NP206, did not enter the merits of the chosen topology, but were designed to emphasize that the cost of considerable RIAA LCR does not automatically make a higher yield to listen.

The NP-206 is better than many others in the management of large swing (30 Vrms) with substantial power (1.5 Wrms) and these are excellent to introduce the 600-ohm LCR RIAA. Although this unit is particularly well done, making it suitable for various uses is not optimized for weak signals. This makes no difference to a mortgage, instead of listening, especially when it comes to phono preamps, the difference is remarkable.
If we want the RIAA LCR squeeze the best we need to optimize the strategy so that each piece is favored in its strengths and weaknesses in aspects protected.

As evidence that there are no contradictions ... that I keep the group praised: "E810F triode conn. / NP206 / EQ600P RIAA," but change the strategy:



I fielded the same players with ... different roles.
Now each component is able to make better, according to the strengths described above.
When the signal swing, the transformer NP206 shoot tens of volts into the RIAA LCR, this, referring to 600 ohms at both upstream and downstream, is tetragonal at all, making the most of his chances.
The preamplifier output is 600 ohms to all intents and purposes, therefore no problem in driving transformer volume (which are not easy to drive for many phono).

The NP206 is now affected by important signals, both voltage and current, which makes irrelevant the less sensitivity than some irons in the Permalloy, allowing them to make better (however Permalloy transformers would not allow such high polarization and could not handle the same signal values \u200b\u200bdell'NP206).

not within the substance of what the current scheme has become the first stage, because it has no direct relation to the exploitation of LCR RIAA argument (although obviously the NC20 in that position seem exaggerated, but it works better dell'NP206 as more sensitive and, even more obviously, it would not hurt to use a triode transconductance gain enormously higher in a dell'EC8010).

speech apart is the validity in terms of musical performance, the same reasoning, however, gave himself that is talked about a device that already exists, should not be excessive difficulty of the move some links and see if it sounds better in the manner proposed or not.

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question about 4 # 4 #

8 #

Let's review what has been said, I will try to substantiate in greater detail the considerations which appear to be "contradictory" and "specious."

I think the block "E810F triode / NP206 / RIAA EQ600P" very strong, but, despite numerous and abundant quality aspects are less valuable.
The best strategy is one that lurks at the lowest possible weaknesses, highlighting the strengths.

propose the scheme, added to the stadium after the RIAA, designed in a more general way possible, we do not care at all how it is constituted, that valve uses, what kind of load and anodic polarization system to adopt, are details that do not concern The comments made in any way and what they signified.


About this stage to reiterate concerns only a single, particular ... who gave himself the very weak signal arrives, it is certainly designed with all of the criteria similar to those required for a first phono stage (with input from an MM or a 4 mV MC, 0.4 mV + ste-up 10X, the second stage, then after the RIAA, there's about 7 mV). Continued ...

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7 #

actually can not use the condenser upstream of the RIAA is only apparent advantage. Report the RIAA bridged T upstream is not only more complex, more results in the loss of the biggest advantages typical it works and why not to adopt this solution.

remains only a valuable way: calculate an impedance for the RIAA more.
This would use a smaller decoupling capacitor, making it possible to use a higher-quality components (eg, silver mica or polystyrene slabs in an oil bath under glass) and allow the pilot with a simple, pure, triode.
must have thought the same thing Thorsten, because my knowledge should be to implement your requests by Stevens & Billington version of 10-ohm bridged the RIAA LCR T.
But on this component there are several mysterious aspects, that join to form a real case. Reference to the near post detailed account of this affair.

Meanwhile monster one possible solution to reduce the drawbacks associated with the down gain due to impedance matching transformer.
is superfluous to say, but the adoption of the mu triodes much higher than common, it is undoubtedly useful for this purpose.
Among several possible examples, I choose the more whimsical, by a devotee of the top audio Nouvelle vogue, Thomas Mayer (one of 3 or 4 at the end of the last century in search of EC8020)




The valve is used very unusual
mu
300 Gm 65 mA / V Ri
4600 ohm

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6 #

The Tango, as well as offering the full RIAA EQ-600P, our catalog also offered a form containing two inductances of the EQ-600P.
This form, signed EQ-2L, deploy, with external components, a completely identical to the RIAA EQ-600P, or, as shown in the picture, you can choose a slightly different solution.




The main difference is the absence of resistors R4 and R7.
This means first and foremost a less accurate theoretical curve, which rose from 0.2 dB to 0.4 dB tolerance.
On the other hand it becomes possible to do without a large capacitor value ahead of the RIAA.



As shown in the image, using the external components is possible to model the evolution of the RIAA, it becomes possible to adapt the response to compensate for the other components. In this way the theoretical increased tolerance may be reduced in practice.

be able to do without a large capacitor value is definitely a big step forward towards solutions of higher purity, but the comparison with the pure solution presented by the transformer is unacceptable.
Thus it becomes appropriate to consider other possible solutions, which pemettano to return to the signal path without tricks and without cheating, just as happened with the transformer, but without the loss of income that this entails.

the prox ...

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5 #

To avoid the gain down, you can take a variety of solutions .



For example, adding a cathode follower stage.



Or mufollower with stadiums, two examples of Japan's conception.




Abandoning the transformer, the solutions become less pure, and shows the need for the coupling capacitor, necessarily important value.

Dispensing with the capacitor is possible, I refer the description to the next message.

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# 4 The other major advantage of the E810F triode is the very low internal resistance (less than 1 Kohm), which has polarized generously, allowing you to push the output energy . The
E810F triode configured and the processor configured 5K/600 ohms, providing an overall gain of about 25 dB and this is the weak point.

Group (E810F / Tango NP-206 / 600-ohm LCR RIAA) is well stocked with excellent material for both type and quality. Certainly is a splendid example of how to implement a pilot of a transformer LCR RIAA bridged T.
With a block like that, then it is relatively easy to complete a phono able to dry the equipment cost disproportionately. Although, to make the most sonically, this group must work with signals much wider.

summary.
The use of the processor is particularly suited to bring the impedance to 600 ohms.
But it must be of stratospheric, why not make sense to drive an RIAA LCR not something to its height and, above all because in a phono every imperfection is magnified.
remains the most delicate aspect of gain reduction, in an overwhelming burden on the overall strategy: to gain in the phono go on, so on, and quickly, there is already the RIAA that requires a down of 20 dB, there is no need to add more.

fact, if we reconsider for a moment the example above, we see that adding to the 25 dB gain of the first stage, the loss of 20 dB of RIAA, we leave it with a gain of 5 dB.
No good.
We would look to the next stage with a sign flapped so we need to find most of the problems you have in designing the first stage.

With this strategy, given that they did design a RIAA phono with conventional RC one with the balls, there is a danger in comparison to take the pay, despite the use of better materials and much more expensive.

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# 3 Speaking of LCR RIAA bridged T, often used to brand Tango, this is because in past years has been so popular, they have led other manufacturers to take it as a reference.
This is good because, as I said, the Tango EQ-600P is an RIAA which looks at the theoretical perfection is that the test bench.
inevitability, this desirable state of affairs lies with controversial matters, which need to outline to follow up the necessary program reflective.

A component of the highest quality, definitely favors the development a good project, but will be a key strategy it is managed to maximize its potential.

We have seen that the eclectic Thorsten, demonstrating skills and productive capacity of interpretation, has devised a highly original scheme.
As mentioned above, a best estimate made by the pilot to 600 ohms or less, but even this solution presents some delicate, for the purpose of a design aimed at the quality of music as the only imperative.

A classic solution is to interface to 600 ohm transformer.
There are various schemes that implement such a solution, but for convenience we take this example that describes a situation quite ideal, which schemino summarized as follows:



In the previous sentence, the use of the term "ideal" was referring to the processor used: Tango NP206. This transformer is of great quality and is able to perform its duties in an excellent.
is necessary to emphasize this fact, because it is not easy or cheap, find a transformer to the occasion. This is SE we're talking about a processor's first stage is a phono preamp, wrong component in this position, to cut oneself off finally obtain good results.
view of the strategy to use, does not make sense to resort to an LCR RIAA, to make it work if we create a situation that impoverishes the quality.
might as well use a RIAA with RC components. Even so, mind you, a passive RIAA-type RC, which is implemented well and with the right pilot valve, and divine sound travels fast.

I have not experienced in using the E810F (triode connected in this case), just a few tests, but I would say that this is a good choice.
In my opinion the most important advantage is the high value of transconductance, not only for the obvious and fundamental reason of noise, but the reference target the strategy of using the LCR RIAA that you are talking about.
It is necessary to consider other matters in dispute in reference to the processor. Positivissimo the fact that it is an SE, in this position histeresy problems are significant and a transformer with air gap is preferred. It also helps that it is not in Permalloy, but you create a Gordian knot of rival having less sensitivity and speed. And then the sensitivity and speed given the high value of transconductance E810F, contributes to the optimization of the strategy.

There are other considerations ... but reference to an upcoming update.

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2 #

Back on the substance of what has been said, to reinforce the concepts with some examples. particularly well to consider the practical issues relating to the coupling capacitor and impedance of the driving LCR RIAA to 600 ohms. There are various schemes that use a bridged T-type LCR RIAA, but what struck me most of all, though a simple two-stage (I like it), is undoubtedly to Thorsten.



I remember at first I had an impression not the most favorable. In particular, the first stage looked like a hymn to the nonsense, for the adoption of a pentode, pentode connected, and with considerable internal resistance and yet uploaded yourself ohm 8000 ... to drive a 600-ohm RIAA. In fact, examining the pattern with quiet, intimate the intention of the project are revealed. In short ... making use of a pentode has the result that the main aims: the high gain. obtained with a pentode limits the ability of miller, which is tremendous when interfaced with a step-up. And it will be the ' humbucking the step-up in conjunction with the choice a high transconductance tube low enough to keep the noise of the stadium. The resistance of 8 ohm anode is not imposed on linearity because the swing is limited (just as with the FET), but it is useful to have a low value (compared to typical values \u200b\u200bthat you load pentodes) not to raise the noise Thermal and especially to set the impedance of the first stage. fact the load resistance of the pentode, for the signal is in parallel with high internal resistance of the valve and determines its value. So the first stage has an impedance of about 8 kohm. How can a generator to adequately drive 8 ohm RIAA a 600-ohm? Simple ... the RIAA LCR bridged T has the remarkable advantage of presenting a constant impedance, this means that it also suffers situations totally without damping and Thorsten made the most of this feature. Thorsten Great! awareness and full control of the elements, flair and simplicity, effectiveness and purity * * ... very admirable!

It does not end here. Tango The RIAA is perfect, but "broad sense" that looks, to use Boolean expression, breaks the bolas ... it's the coupling capacitor. This capacitor, being the RIAA from 600 ohms, impedance should be calculated for that, and then takes a remarkable value, around 50 uF, with operating voltage ranging from 250 V to 400 V. The decision to Thorsten is optimal in this respect, because driving the RIAA with 8 ohm impedance, it is sufficient a 10 uF capacitor, five times smaller!

In one single stage of pure type, seems to have witnessed an entire chess game, great! Those who do not understand very well how we can speak of "philosophy" refers to the design of audio circuits, with this example have cleared a way to give themselves to ideas. And this is clear, that whether they like it or less similar solutions. It does not take even one for me, the fact remains that the manner in which Thorsten conceived that pattern is so distinctive as to confer its own essence ... like a soul. Reference to the near post ... more thoughts on these issues.

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the RIAA absolute Ansah Daniel


1 #

The RIAA passive LCR has a couple of features that are sufficient to make it absolutely the best kind of RIAA. The first feature is the series resistance, that, compared to the impedance load offer, is incomparably lower than the RIAA always implemented with resistors and capacitors. Tango LCR RIAA For example, a 600 ohm impedance, has a series resistance of 30 ohms. These consist of 30 ohm copper wire ... ... not by a resistance. For RIAA LCR impedance of around 30,000 ohms (impedance triode any easier for even the most flapped), I calculated a series resistance of only 540 ohms!
The second characteristic that, from a musical standpoint, is not secondary, indeed, in My experience is the real secret of the musicality of the LCR RIAA, is to present a constant impedance.

- In this respect also the volume controls are unquestionably stepped impedance constant rates than any other type of solution, both musical and instrumental performances. After all when you need to relaxations that are needed very strong, over 100 dB (phono swings are also 30V) and at the same time they step of 0.5 dB or less, in absolute accuracy between channels maintaining maximum musicality and dazzling speed ... well ', the choices become little -.

The advantage of a constant impedance to the RIAA is in the stability of the dynamic behavior, that is just while playing music. It is known that the frequency response of a passive RIAA RC type is subject to the impedance of the generator and even more so is the load downstream, thereby substantially due to the impedance of the next stage miller. If the RIAA to fly RC type we have made a cathode follower the underlying problem is essentially solved, but the downstream no! The issue becomes important when the design choices in inhibiting active stages, all what is not a single triode in common cathode. Especially if you use after the RIAA triode of a little more angry than the standard, which by contrast have hundreds of pF to Miller effect. In these cases the advantage of a constant impedance to the RIAA are absolute and inequiparabili.